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La Grippe	Influenza
Leishmaniasis	Disease due to parasitic Protazoa of the genus Leishmania
Lepra	Leprosy
Little's Disease	Spastic diplegia
Lockjaw	Tetanus, a disease in which the jaws become firmly locked together. Synonyms Trismus, tetanus.
Locomotor Ataxia	Disease of the nervous system which results in inability to walk.
Long Sickness	Tuberculosis
Lues Disease/Venera	Syphilis
Lumbago	Back pain
Lung Fever	Pneumonia
Lung Sickness	Tuberculosis
Lying In	Time of delivery of infant

Malignant fever	See Typhus.
Malignant Pustule	Anthrax
Malignant Sore Throat	Diphtheria
Malta Fever	See Brucellosis
Mania	Form of insanity characterised by inappropriate happiness, mental and physical restlessness and grandiose delusions
Mania-a-potu	Madness from drinking; delirium tremens
Marasmus	Malnutrition occurring in infants and young children, caused by an insufficient intake of calories or protein and characterised by thinness, dry skin, poor muscle development, and irritability. In the mid-nineteenth century, specific causes were associated with specific ages. In infants under twelve months old, the causes were believed to be unsuitable food, chronic vomiting, chronic diarrhoea, and inherited syphilis. Between one and three years, marasmus was associated with rickets or cancer. After the age of three years, caseous (cheese like) enlargement of the mesenteric glands (located in the peritoneal fold attaching the small intestine to the body wall) became a given cause of wasting. After the sixth year, chronic pulmonary tuberculosis appeared to be the major cause. Marasmus is now considered to be related to kwashiorkor, a severe protein deficiency.
Mayer	A Physician
Mediastinum	The space between the lungs.
Mediterranean Fever	See Brucellosis
Medulla	The marrow in the centre of a long bone. The soft internal portion of glands. Eg. Kidney, lymph nodes, thymus.
Megaloblastic Anaemia	Lack of blood. Also known as Pernicious Anaemia. Until the 1940's it was treated by feeding the patient with raw liver. Now curable by vitamin addition to the diet.
Melancholia	Severe Depression
Membranous Croup	Diphtheria
Meningitis	Inflammation of the meninges (the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord), especially of the pia mater and arachnoid—caused by a bacterial or viral infection and characterised high fever, severe headache, and stiff neck or back muscles
Mesentery	A large fold of peritoneum, passing between a portion of intestine and the posterior abdominal wall.
Meteorism	Flatulent distension of the abdomen with gas in the gut
Metritis	Inflammation of uterus or purulent vaginal discharge
Miasma	Poisonous vapours thought to infect the air and cause disease
Milk Fever	Short lived fever which sometimes accompanies lactation
Milk Leg	Thrombosis of veins in the thigh usually seen after childbirth (at one time thought to be due to excess milk being directed to the leg)
Milk Sick(ness)	Poisoning resulting from the drinking of milk produced by a cow who had eaten a plant known as white snake root.
Mitral Regurgitation	Defect in the closure of the valve whereby blood tends to flow backward into the auricle from ventricle.
Mitral Stenosis	Narrowing of, usually due to recurrent attacks of rheumatism.
Mitral	Pertaining to the valve dividing the left auricle and ventricle of the heart.
Mollities Ossium	Osteomalacia
Morbilli	Measles
Morbus Addisonii	See Addison's Disease
Morbus Cordis	Means no more than heart disease. Probably used by doctors when they didn't know the exact cause of death but were sure it was natural causes.
Morbus	Latin word for disease. In the last century, when applied to a particular disease, Morbus was associated with some qualifying adjective or noun, indicating the nature or seat of such disease. Examples: Morbus Cordis, Heart Disease; Morbus Caducus, epilepsy or failing sickness
Mormal	Gangrene
Morphew	The blisters of Scurvy
Mortification	Used in the medical sense, gangrene, Necrosis.
Mortis	Death
Myelitis	Inflammation of the spinal cord
Myelodysplasia	A tumour formed from the soft medullary centre of the long bone. ie. From marrow.
Myelogenous Leukemia	A type of leukemia.
Myeloma	Marrow. A malignant condition arising from plasma cells, usually in the bone marrow.
Myocarditis	Inflammation of heart muscle
Myocardium	Middle layer of the heart wall/muscle.
Myocardiumitis	Inflammation of heart muscle.
Myxoedema	A condition of gelatinous oedematous (Oedemaand excess of fluid in the tissues shown by swelling, pitting and translucency) thickening of the skin due to deficiency of the thyroid secretion.

Natal Sore	Leishmaniasi
Necrosis	Death of tissue
Nephrosis, Nephritis	Kidney degeneration
Neuralgia	Sharp and paroxysmal pain along the course of a sensory nerve. There are many causes anaemia, diabetes, gout, malaria, syphilis. Many varieties of neuralgia are distinguished according to the part affected — such as face, arm, leg.
Neurasthenia	Neurotic condition or feeble minded
Noma	See Cancrum Oris
Nostalgia	A longing for the comforts of home or to return home. In a military setting this is probably Shell Shock or Battle Fatigue

Occlusion	The closure of an opening.
Oedema	Fluid retention See also Dropsy
Oriental Boil	See Leishmaniasis

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